Uncertainty Reasoning in Knowledge Systems
Theorie (10 pt) schriftelijk, gesloten boek
- Explain the notion of Abductive Reasoning. Illustrate with an example how this allows you to answer queries in a context with incomplete information.
- What parts of Bayesian Probability Theory involve arbitrary or application-dependent choices from the programmer?
- Draw two simple discrete PDFs and calculate their entropy. Comment on their information content, as defined by entropy.
- Explain the possible connection rules for forming a probabilistic graphical model.
- Explain why Bayesian inference embodies Occam's razor.
- How can you represent "total ignorance" in the theory of evidence (Theory of belief functions). Give a brief explanation. (5 lines).
- Probabilities in probability theory on the one hand, and possibilities in possibility theory on the other hand are very different concepts. Explain. (max 0.5 page)
Oefeningen (10 pt) schriftelijk, open boek
Een bedrijf fabriceert processoren. Sommige processoren zijn defect, andere niet. Sommige defecte processoren maken geluid, andere niet. In de winkel worden sommige defecte processoren afgeprijsd. De opgave geeft een aantal procentuele waarden (bv 30% is defect, 10% maakt geluid, 70% van de defecte zijn afgeprijsd, 30% van de niet-defecte zijn afgeprijsd). De vragen bestaan dan uit een aantal statistische berekeningen, zoals:
- hoeveel % van de "stille" processoren is defect
- als je in een winkel een afgeprijsde processor ziet staan, wat is de kans dat die defect is
Imagine you just have started a new job as knowledge manager in a company. A particular process of interest has 3 possible outcomes: A, B and C. Not much is know about this process. Your boss asks you to model it. You interview the head technician who specifies his/her beliefs using upper and lower probabilities. ** VALUES ARE GIVEN *** You examine his/her upper and lower probabilities. You wonder if these values avoid sure loss (ASL) and if these values are coherent. What does this mean ? (e.g. comment on ASL and coherence)